Development and application of a rapid gene manipulating toolbox for Pseudomonas aeruginosa / 生物工程学报

Manipulation of genes, including knock-out or knock-in, replacement of gene elements (such as promoters), fusion with a fluorescent protein gene, and construction of in situ gene reporter, is required in most of the biotechnological laboratories. The widely used gene manipulating methods based on two-step allelic exchange are cumbersome in terms of constructing plasmids, transforming and screening. In addition, the efficiency of using this method for long fragment knockout is low. To simplify the process of gene manipulation, we constructed a minimized integrative vector pln2. When a gene needs to be inactivated, an internal fragment of the target gene (non-frameshift) is cloned into the pln2 plasmid. Once the single-crossover recombination between genome and the constructed plasmid occurs, the endogenous gene is segmented by the plasmid backbone and thus inactivated. We developed a toolbox based on pln2 that can be used for different genomic operation mentioned above. With the help of this toolbox, we successfully knocked out large fragments of 20-270 kb.

Desafios atuais e futuros do uso da medicina de precisão no acesso ao diagnóstico e tratamento de câncer no Brasil / Current and future challenges of the use of precision medicine in cancer diagnosis and treatment in Brazil / Desafíos actuales y futuros del uso de la medicina de precisión en el acceso al diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer en Brasil

Este artigo busca refletir, cultural e eticamente, sobre os desafios atuais e futuros da incorporação de novas biotecnologias de diagnóstico e tratamento de câncer no Brasil, bem como seu impacto no acesso e no controle do câncer no país. Para tanto, esta pesquisa parte da problematização da literatura sobre o tema e dos resultados de um estudo, que realizou uma websurvey com especialistas médicos dos setores público e privado brasileiros, associados às dez sociedades oncológicas mais representativas do país, atuantes nas áreas da clínica, cirurgia, radioterapia, patologia e diagnóstico. A discussão do estudo desenvolve-se em torno de três eixos temáticos: conhecimento e expectativas sobre o advento das novas tecnologias para o diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer; considerações estruturais e éticas envolvidas no uso atual e futuro das novas tecnologias; e possíveis cenários associados ao uso e aplicação das novas tecnologias para o diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer. Foram suscitadas algumas questões: novos paradigmas tecnológicos beneficiarão todos os usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) ou serão privilégios de poucos? Diminuirão as discrepâncias em termos de oferta de distribuição de serviços, de recursos tecnológicos e de acesso ao diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer? Como diversos segmentos da sociedade poderão participar e influir nesse processo? Que tipos de cenários poderão ainda compor esse quadro? Visando contribuir com o planejamento da atenção ao câncer no Brasil, o artigo finaliza propondo o desenvolvimento de futuras ações a partir de cinco dimensões estratégicas: dimensão econômica; dimensão científica, de inovação e tecnológica; dimensão estrutural; dimensão cultural; e dimensão reguladora.

This study seeks to culturally and ethically reflect on the current and future challenges of incorporating new biotechnologies to diagnose and treat cancer in Brazil and assess their impact on cancer control. To this end, this study begins by problematizing the literature on the subject and the results of a study that conducted a web survey with medical specialists from the Brazilian public and private sectors; the latter associated with the ten most representative cancer societies in the country, working in clinical practice, surgery, radiotherapy, pathology, and diagnosis. We discussed this study around three thematic axes: knowledge and expectations on the advent of new technologies to diagnose and treat cancer; structural and ethical considerations in the current and future use of new technologies; and possible scenarios associated with the use and application of new technologies to diagnose and treat cancer. We have raised some questions: will new technological paradigms benefit all Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) users, or will they be the privileges of the few? Will they reduce discrepancies regarding the distribution of technological services and resources and cancer diagnosis and treatment? How can different segments of society participate and influence this process? What scenarios can still compose this picture? Aiming to contribute to planning the future of cancer care in Brazil, this study proposes the development of future actions from five strategic dimensions: economy; science, innovation and technology; structure; culture; and regulation.

Este artículo busca reflexionar, cultural y éticamente, sobre los desafíos actuales y futuros de la incorporación de nuevas biotecnologías para el diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer en Brasil, así como su impacto en el acceso y control del cáncer en el país. Para ello, parte de la problematización de la literatura sobre el tema y de los resultados de un estudio que realizó una encuesta web con médicos especialistas de los sectores público y privado brasileños asociados a las diez sociedades oncológicas más representativas del país y actuantes en las áreas de clínica, cirugía, radioterapia, patología y diagnóstico. La discusión del estudio se desarrolla en torno a tres ejes temáticos: conocimiento y expectativas sobre el advenimiento de las nuevas tecnologías para el diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer; consideraciones estructurales y éticas involucradas en el uso actual y futuro de las nuevas tecnologías; posibles escenarios asociados al uso y aplicación de nuevas tecnologías para el diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer. Se han suscitado algunas cuestiones: ¿Los nuevos paradigmas tecnológicos beneficiarán a todos los usuarios del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) o serán privilegios de unos pocos? ¿Reducirán las discrepancias en la oferta de distribución de servicios y recursos tecnológicos y en el acceso al diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer? ¿Cómo los diferentes segmentos de la sociedad podrán participar e influir en este proceso? ¿Qué clase de escenarios todavía podrán componer esta imagen? Con el objetivo de contribuir a la planificación futura de la atención del cáncer en Brasil, el artículo concluye con una propuesta para el desarrollo de acciones futuras desde cinco dimensiones estratégicas: económica; científica, de innovación y tecnología; estructural; cultural; y reguladora.

Exergames como conteúdo estratégico na educação física escolar / Exergames as strategic content in school physical education

O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a influência da utilização dos exergames como parte integrante no conteúdo da Educação Física Escolar na coordenação motora dos estudantes. Três grupos experimentais (GE) participaram das 18 intervenções com exergames, jogos em quadra, ou aulas alternadas, respectivamente, enquanto o grupo controle (GC) seguiu com as aulas regulares de Educação Física. Testes de coordenação motora foram aplicados antes e após as intervenções. Os dados foram analisados através de medidas de tendências centrais, com comparações entre grupos (Kruskal-Wallis) e, para cada grupo, comparações entre momentos (Wilcoxon para amostras pareadas) e cálculo do tamanho do efeito. Não houve diferença significativa entre GC e GE, mas houve grande efeito para todos os grupos experimentais, principalmente no de exergames, em quase todas as habilidades. O uso dos exergames no contexto escolar pode promover uma ampliação do repertório motor da criança e o aperfeiçoamento de algumas habilidades de maneira lúdica, o que geralmente não ocorre em aulas de educação física sem organização do conteúdo.

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the use of exergames as part of scholar physical education on the student's motor coordination. Three experimental groups (GE) took part in 18 intervention classes either with exergames only, general games in the court only, or alternating exergames and games in the court, while the control group (GC) kept attending the regular physical education classes. Motor coordination tests were conducted before and after the period of the interventions. Data were analyzed by means of central trend measures, with comparisons between groups (Kruskal-Wallis) and, for each group, between moments (pair-wise Wilcoxon) and effect size. No difference was found between GC and GE, but the intervention led to large effects in the three experimental groups, mainly in the exergames group, in which the effect was large in almost all skills assessed. The use of exergames in a school context can promote an expansion of the child's motor repertoire and the improvement of some skills in a playful way, what usually does not occur in physical education classes without content organization.

Fundamentos teóricos para un estudio sobre la ludopatía / Theoretical foundations for a study on compulsive gambling

RESUMEN El presente texto hace referencia al uso de las nuevas tecnologías entre los adolescentes y jóvenes y al modo en que a nivel mundial llega a convertirse en una conducta adictiva, debido a su empleo inadecuado en esta población. Su objetivo está dirigido a fundamentar los elementos epistemológicos sobre la ludopatía para su atención. Se incursiona en cuestiones inherentes a las adicciones, la drogadicción y en particular sobre la ludopatía y sus consecuencias en los sujetos comprendidos entre las edades mencionadas. Este artículo constituye una salida del proyecto de investigación Sistema de estrategias educativas para la prevención de conductas adictivas en los adolescentes del área de salud Tula Aguilera, el cual gestiona el Centro para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud, de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. El tipo de estudio es de carácter Investigación Desarrollo y se ejecutó en el período comprendido entre enero de 2017 y febrero de 2020.

ABSTRACT The present text makes reference to the use of the new technologies among the adolescents and young and to the way in that its inadequate employment at world level in the people, ends up becoming an addictive behavior. Their objective is directed to base the elements epistemológicos of the treatment of the ludopatía, from the school activity. This article constitutes an exit of the project of investigation System of educational strategies for the prevention of addictive behaviors in the adolescents of the area of health Tula Aerie, which negotiates the Center for the Development of the Social and Humanistic Sciences in Health, of the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey. The study type is of character Investigation Development and it was executed in the period understood between January of 2017 and February of 2020.

Impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en la endoscopía diagnóstica y terapéutica / Impact of new technologies in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy

El desarrollo y aplicación de la tecnología en la medicina ha creado dilemas éticos para los galenos, al tener que definir hasta qué punto es ético someter a un paciente a una técnica quirúrgica o un procedimiento endoscópico que presente una alta incidencia de complicaciones cuando pueden existir otros con mejores resultados. En este trabajo se analizan los efectos beneficiosos y nocivos de los adelantes tecnológicos para las ciencias médicas, de ahí que el objetivo fue identificar la influencia de la revolución científico técnica en el desarrollo de la cirugía endoscópica endoluminal. Se analiza cómo el médico debe mantener un equilibrio entre la ciencia y la ética, que le permita, además de ser acertado en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento, ser más humano y comprensivo con sus pacientes. Se concluye que la revolución científica técnica de hoy, que integra conocimientos y experiencia, ha dado solidez al cómo hacer y por qué. Sin embargo, los recursos en ocasiones pueden ser limitados. Ello significa que no siempre se puede realizar todo lo que es técnicamente factible. Las buenas prácticas médicas deben acompañar a todos los galenos a sabiendas de que es la vida de un ser humano que ha confiado en sus capacidades intelectuales y buen poder de decisión(AU)

The development and application of technology in medicine has created ethical dilemmas for physicians to define to what extent it is ethical to subject a patient to a surgical technique or an endoscopic procedure that presents a high incidence of complications when there may be others with best results. In this work the beneficial and harmful effects of the technological advancements for the Medical Sciences are analyzed, for that reason the objective of the same one was to identify the influence of the Technical Scientific Revolution in the development of the Endoluminal Endoscopic Surgery. It is analyzed how the doctor must maintain a balance between science and ethics, which allows him, in addition to being successful in diagnosis and treatment, to be more human and understanding with his patients. It is concluded that the technical scientific revolution of today, which integrates knowledge and experience, has given solidity to how to do and why. However, resources can sometimes be limited. This means that everything that is technically feasible cannot always be done. Good medical practices should accompany all physicians knowing that it is the life of a human being who has relied on their intellectual abilities and good decision-making power(AU)

Soledad social en ancianos hospitalizados en el servicio de Geriatría. Hospital "Comandante Faustino Pérez" / Social loneliness in elder people hospitalized in the Geriatrics service. Clinical Surgical Hospital "Comandante Faustino Pérez"

RESUMEN Introducción: la soledad social se define como la experiencia subjetiva de insatisfacción frente a la sociedad en la que se vive; en términos de estilos de vida, de valores y de uso de nuevas tecnologías, entre otros aspectos. Objetivo: caracterizar la soledad social en los adultos mayores hospitalizados. Materiales y método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en pacientes que ingresaron en el servicio de Geriatría del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Comandante Faustino Pérez", provincia Matanzas, desde octubre 2015 - 2016. El universo estuvo constituido por 212 pacientes que vivían en compañía y no padecían de demencia, confusión mental ni enfermedades graves. Para la recogida de la información se aplicó al universo de estudio la Escala ESTE II de soledad social, validada a nivel nacional e internacional para identificar el nivel de soledad social. Se utilizaron métodos de estadística descriptiva. Los resultados se presentaron en tablas. Resultados: alto nivel de soledad social en los ancianos estudiados, en el grupo atareo de 60-70 años, sin pareja, de bajo nivel de escolaridad y con enfermedades crónicas. Insuficiente percepción de apoyo y participación social, así como un limitado uso de las nuevas tecnologías. Conclusiones: predominó alto nivel de sentimiento de soledad en los ancianos, asociado a insuficiente percepción de apoyo y participación social, más un bajo acceso a las nuevas tecnologías (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: social loneliness is defined as the subjective experience of dissatisfaction toward society in which one lives, in terms of lifestyles, values ​​and use of new technologies among others. Objective: to characterize social loneliness in hospitalized elder adults. Material and Method: a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, study was conducted in patients admitted to the Geriatrics Service of the Clinical Surgical Hospital "Comandante Faustino Pérez", province of Matanzas, in the period October 2015 - 2016. The universe was formed by 212 patients who lived accompanied and did not suffer from dementia, mental confusion nor serious illnesses. For collecting the information of the studied universe, the authors used the ESTE II Scale of social loneliness validated at national and international level to identify the level of social loneliness. Descriptive statistical methods were used and the results were shown in tables. Results: high level of social loneliness in studied elder people of the 60-70 years-old group, without a partner, with a low level of scholarship and with chronic diseases. They had an insufficient perception of support and social participation, as well as made a limited use of the new technologies. Conclusions: a high level of the loneliness feeling predominated in elder people, associated to an insufficient perception of support and social participation, plus a low access to the new technologies (AU).

Herramientas tecnológicas del diagnóstico y tratamiento del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad / The technological tools of the diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity

El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) es el principal motivo de consulta en la mayoría de las unidades de Neurología Pediátrica en España. Las nuevas tecnologías asocian además beneficios tanto para los pacientes como para los profesionales y el propio sistema sanitario. Se hace imprescindible su implementación racional. La genética, la neuroimagen o la realidad virtual por ejemplo, son claros exponentes de los resultados que se pueden conseguir al optimizar los procesos tradicionales. Las diferentes tecnologías que recogemos en este artículo están completamente operativas y cuentan con miles de pacientes de experiencia. La incorporación de las mismas a la práctica clínica habitual está en nuestras manos.

Attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity (ADHD) is the main reason for consultation in most Pediatric Neurology units in Spain. The new technologies also associate benefits for both patients and professionals and the health system itself, which makes its rational implementation essential. Genetics, neuroimaging or virtual reality, for example, are clear exponents of the results that can be achieved by optimizing traditional processes. The different technologies that we collect in this article are fully operational and have thousands of experience in patients. The incorporation of them to the usual clinical practice is in our hands.

Retrospect of 2019: focus on the surgical treatment for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) has a special anatomical position. In clinical practice, there are many overplays among thoracic surgeons, gastrointestinal surgeons, gastroenterologists and oncologists. In recent years, AEG has attracted more and more clinical attention with its increasing incidence. It has a tendency to be gradually separated from esophageal cancer and gastric cancer and be defined as a new special type of tumor. At present, there are still many controversies in the definition, classification, TNM staging, surgical approach, extent of resection, lymph node dissection, digestive tract reconstruction and neoadjuvant therapy of AEG. Meanwhile many problems still need to be solved, which is in a stage of gradual improvement and standardization. This article mainly reviews the important research progress in the field of AEG in 2019, summarizes the current clinical hotspots of AEG, especially the surgical treatment hotspots and the current application status of related new technologies, and aims the future development. We suggest that communication and cooperation among multiple disciplines should be strengthened. Through more clinical researches, basic experimental researches, and innovation and application of new technologies, personalized and accurate diagnosis and treatment will be carried out for patients with different conditions to ultimately achieve the common goal of maximizing the benefits of patients.

Implicações de novas tecnologias na atividade e qualificação dos servidores: Processo Judicial Eletrônico e a Justiça do Trabalho / Implications of new technologies on the activity and training of government officials: e-Filling and the Labor Justice

Resumo Introdução: a informatização do processo judicial levantou questionamentos sobre as implicações dessa mudança no trabalho dos servidores do Judiciário. Objetivo: compreender as implicações da implementação do Processo Judicial Eletrônico na atividade e na qualificação de servidores da Justiça do Trabalho. Métodos: utilizou-se do referencial teórico da ergologia. Na perspectiva da pesquisa qualitativa, foram entrevistados 14 servidores de um Tribunal Regional do Trabalho, atendendo aos critérios de saturação e singularidade do discurso. As entrevistas foram realizadas entre 2014 e 2015, e analisadas em seu conteúdo na forma construtiva interpretativa. Discutiram-se os sentidos do trabalho, o trabalho prescrito e as representações dos trabalhadores sobre a implementação da nova tecnologia e sobre as qualificações e competências necessárias ao seu uso. Resultados: destacou-se o desconforto com a ausência de consulta prévia e com o treinamento insuficiente para o uso da ferramenta, uma vez que há exigências de novas qualificações. Evidenciou-se também um sentimento de aumento da demanda, associado ao alto envolvimento e comprometimento com o trabalho. Conclusão: considerando os custos pessoais e sociais acarretados por mudanças tecnológicas, em particular as demandas impostas aos trabalhadores e a necessidade de novas capacitações, a implementação de novas tecnologias deve ser sempre avaliada do ponto de vista de quem as utiliza.

Abstract Introduction: computerization of judicial processes raised questions on its implications on the Judiciary officials' work. Objective: to understand the implications of the e-Filling implementation on the Labor Justice officials' activities and training. Methods: theoretical framework based on ergology. From the perspective of qualitative research, 14 officials from a Regional Labor Court were interviewed, between 2014 and 2015, considering the criteria of saturation and uniqueness of speech. Constructive and interpretative content analysis was carried out. The following categories were defined for discussion: the meaning of work; prescribed work; workers' understanding on the implementation of the new technology and on the competences and skills required for its use. Results: since new skills were required, the discomfort resulting from lack of prior consultation and insufficient training on how to use the tool were highlighted. A feeling of increased demand associated with high involvement and commitment to the work was also perceived. Conclusion: considering the personal and social costs resulting from technological changes, particularly the demands imposed on workers and the need for new training programs, the implementation of new technologies must be assessed from the point of view of those who employ them.

El creciente uso de las nuevas tecnologías en adultos mayores / The growing use of new technologies among old people

Teniendo en cuenta que las computadoras se han vuelto sustantivamente parte integral de la vida de los adultos mayores, el estudio del uso de las mismas por esta población se está volviendo de forma incrementada un sustancial campo de estudio. El objetivo del estudio es una revisión bibliográfica para comprender mejor la relación de las nuevas tecnologías con la población de adultos mayores. Una de las consecuencias que se desprende es que para animar y facilitar el uso de las nuevas tecnologias es necesario comprender cuáles son las implicaciones de estas diferencias en el uso de las nuevas tecnologías y las tradiciones culturales. La metodología utilizada es de revisión bibliográfica en la que se ha dado énfasis tanto a la evolución de las perspectivas académicas sobre el tema, como los resultados obtenidos entre los años 1970 a 2016. Hay que señalar que todas las investigaciones consultadas insisten en el papel cada vez más protagónico de las nuevas tecnología de información en la vida de la tercera edad, y que lejos de suponer que los mismos tendrían un rechazo a las mismas, se percibe un uso operativo y eficaz de las nuevas tecnologías. (AU)

As computers become an increasingly integral part of the lives of older adults, the study of computer use by older adults is becoming an increasingly relevant field of study. The aim of the study is a bibliographic review to better understand the relationship of new technologies with the population of older adults. One of the consequences that appears is that in order to encourage and facilitate the use of new technologies by this important group, for both personal and professional benefit, it is necessary to understand the implication of this new technologies and cultural traditions. The methodology used is bibliographical review with emphasized both in the evolution of academic perspectives on the subject and the results obtained between the years 1970- 2016. It should be noted that all the researches consulted insist on the increasingly important role of the new technology is in the life of the elderly, and that far from assuming that ageing people would have a rejection to the same, is possible to perceptive an operative and surprising use of the new technologies. (AU)

The inclusion of elderly persons from the Instituto Henrique da Silva Semente (IHESS) in Indaiatuba, São Paulo, in the digital age: physio-gerontological contributions / A inserção de idosos do Instituto Henrique da Silva Semente (IHESS) no município de Indaiatuba/SP na era digital: contribuições fisiogerontológicas

abstract Introduction: The evolution of information technologies has become part of our daily life and directly or indirectly affects the elderly population. The presence of these technologies, such as mobile phones, smartphones, computers, and tablets, at home where elderly persons live with their families demonstrates the necessity of including the elderly population in the technological universe. Objective: The aim of the present study was to describe the benefits obtained by the elderly from using such Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), the effect of such use on their Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and which physio-gerontological contributions resulted in the best use of the ICTs. Method: A convenience sample (n=30) was performed of individuals aged over 60 years who were students at the Instituto Henrique da Silva Semente (IHESS). Demographic and social data, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) were considered. The data was collected between April and May 2014. Results: The average age was 67.9 years with a predominance of women (76.7%). Among the respondents 83.3% used a computer at home; 66.6% had some kind of difficulty in using computers; and 86.6% used ICTs in their daily lives. Despite the difficulties in using the devices resulting from the limitations imposed by age, it was observed that the equality of the age range encouraged interaction with friends and family, and as a result 100% of respondents displayed excellent interpersonal relationships with the class group. It was also observed that the elderly persons had a great desire to learn and interact through the use of technological devices, and that females were involved in recreational and educational activities, with wives encouraging their husbands to attend the computer class. However, there were exemplary risks of the misuse of these devices, such as poor posture when handling electronic devices or spending long spells in unsuitable positions, demonstrating the need for physical therapy and geriatric guidelines to ensure the well-being of the elderly. Conclusion: The inclusion of elderly persons in the IHESS or in any other educational activity should consider the familiar environment in which they live as well as providing professional support in physiotherapeutic and gerontologic areas in order to assure well-being and quality of life, especially at this stage of life, senescence. AU

Resumo Introdução: A evolução das Tecnologias de Informação fazem parte do cotidiano das pessoas e, de forma direta ou indireta, atinge a população de idosos. A presença dessas tecnologias no ambiente doméstico, tais como: telefones celulares, smartphones, computadores, tablets e outros, onde o idoso convive com a família, torna cada vez mais importante a contextualização do idoso no universo tecnológico. Objetivo: Descrever quais as contribuições obtidas pelos idosos frente ao uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs), as interferências em suas Atividades de Vida Diária (AVDs) e quais as contribuições fisiogerontológicas para que o idoso faça o melhor uso das TICs. Método: A amostra do estudo foi por conveniência, realizada com 30 idosos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, estudantes de Informática no Instituto Henrique da Silva Semente (IHESS). Para a realização da pesquisa, foram considerados dados demográficos e sociais, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG) e Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). A pesquisa foi realizada entre abril e maio de 2014. Resultados: A idade média dos participantes foi de 67,9 anos com predominância do sexo feminino, 76,7%. Dos entrevistados, 83,3% fazem uso do computador no ambiente doméstico; 66,6% têm algum tipo de dificuldade no manuseio do computador; 86,6% fazem uso de TICs no seu cotidiano. Apesar das dificuldades no manuseio dos dispositivos, oriundas das limitações impostas pela idade, observou-se que a igualdade de faixa etária estimula a interação com os amigos e familiares, pois 100% dos entrevistados demonstraram excelente relacionamento interpessoal com o grupo da turma de informática. Constatou-se também que o idoso tem muita vontade de aprender e interagir através do uso de artefatos tecnológicos e um maior engajamento das idosas nas atividades recreacionais e educacionais, onde as esposas encorajam os maridos a frequentarem o curso de informática. Contudo, observou-se riscos exemplares do mau uso dos aparelhos, como má postura no manuseio dos dispositivos eletrônicos ou da longa permanência em posição inadequada. Conclusão: A inserção dos idosos no IHESS ou em qualquer outra atividade socioeducacional deve prezar pelo contexto familiar em que vivem, bem como disponibilizar profissionais para orientações fisioterapêuticas e gerontológicas, no sentido de garantir o bem-estar e qualidade de vida especificamente nessa fase da vida, a velhice. AU

Transition to Employment of University Students with Disabilities: Factors for Success / Transición al empleo de estudiantes con discapacidad: componentes para el éxito

This study presents the results of the implementation of a training program on employment search strategies to 10 disabled students, while 10 similar students acted as controls. Following its implementation, participants in the program showed better academic / labor self-concept, had more information on the next steps in the search for employment and 4 had succeeded in finding employment. The positive assessment they made, coupled with the demand from disabled students for initiatives like this, suggest measures such as this be included in the activities of university counseling services.

En este estudio se aplicó un programa de entrenamiento en estrategias de búsqueda de empleo a 10 estudiantes universitarios discapacitados, mientras que otros 10 actuaron como control. Tras la puesta en práctica de éste, los participantes en el mismo mostraban mejor autoconcepto académico/ laboral poseían más información sobre los pasos a seguir en la búsqueda de empleo y 4 habían logrado incorporarse al empleo. La valoración positiva que hicieron, sumada a la demanda de los estudiantes discapacitados de iniciativas como ésta, sugieren la inclusión de medidas como la realizada entre las actividades de los servicios de orientación universitarios.

Efeito da radiação por micro-ondas na inativação de cepas de escherichia coli / Effect of microwave radiation on the inactivation of strains of Escherichia coli

Entre as bactérias patogênicas vinculadas a doenças transmitidas por alimentos destaca-se a Escherichia coli, sendo a espécie predominante na microbiota do trato intestinal dos humanos e animais de sangue quente e que está associada diretamente com a má higienização dos manipuladores. Com a necessidade de aplicar processos inovadores sem a geração de resíduos, o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para o controle e redução de carga microbiana nos alimentos vem sendo estudado, destacando-se a irradiação por micro-ondas. Com a intenção de testar o efeito bactericida de um forno micro-ondas (2450 MHz) sob cepas de E. coli, diferentes tempos de irradiação foram utilizados, sendo estes 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 e 60s tendo como controle, uma amostra não irradiada. Ainda, imagens termográficas e mapeamento do forno foram realizados para verificar a distribuição da temperatura das amostras irradiadas, demonstrando a heterogeneidade da incidência das ondas no interior da cavidade do mesmo. Após a realização dos testes, verificou-se que em 20s de irradiação, as cepas de Escherichia coli foram inativadas, demonstrando a relevância do método para a ciência e tecnologia dos alimentos uma vez que o processo mostrou-se eficaz no controle microbiano, de fácil operação, sem a geração de resíduos, rápido e econômico, quando comparado aos métodos convencionais de inativação e destruição microbiana.

Among the pathogenic bacteria transmitted to foodborne illness there is the Escherichia coli, being the predominant species in the microflora of the intestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals and is directly associated with poor hygiene of food handlers. With the need to apply innovative processes without waste generation, the development of new technologies for the control and reduction of microbial load in food has been studied, highlighting irradiation by microwave. With the intention of testing the bactericidal effect of a microwave oven (2450 MHz) as strains of E. coli different irradiation times were used, these being 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 60 as having s control, a sample not irradiated. Further, thermographic images and oven mapping were performed to verify the temperature distribution of the irradiated samples, demonstrating the heterogeneity of incidence of the waves within the cavity thereof. After the tests, it was found that in 20 seconds irradiation, strains of Escherichia coli were inactivated, demonstrating the relevance of the method for science and technology of food once the process has been shown to be effective in microbial control, easy operation with no waste generation, quickly and cost when compared to conventional methods of microbial inactivation and destruction.

Novel Endoscopic Management of Obesity

Endoscopic procedures have been well-documented in the obesity field, but have not yet reached a sufficient level of evidence as stand-alone methods for treating obesity. It is unclear if they should take over. Although expanding, the array of bariatric surgical techniques does not fully meet the current needs, and there are not enough resources for increasing surgery. Surgery is avoided by a majority of patients, so that less aggressive procedures are necessary. For the time being, relevant endoscopic methods include intra-gastric balloons, gastric partitioning (Endo-plication), and the metabolic field (Endo-barrier). Surgical novelties and basic research are also important contributors owing to their potential combination with endoscopy. Conditions have been listed for implementation of bariatric endoscopy, because innovation is risky, expensive, and faces ethical challenges. A scientific background is being built (e.g., hormonal studies). Some techniques require additional study, while others are not ready but should be priorities. Steps and goals include the search for conceptual similarities and the respect of an ethical frame. Minimally invasive bariatric techniques are not ready for prime time, but they are already being successful as re-do procedures. A time-frame for step-strategies can be defined, and more investments from the industry are mandatory.

Perfil e percepção do uso de jogos eletrônicos por alunos do ensino fundamental: relações com a educação física / Profile and perception about the use of electronic games for elementary students: relations with physical education / Perfil y percepción del uso de juegos electrónicos por estudiantes de educación básica: relaciones con la educación física

Nos tempos atuais das Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (TICs) é possível que a escola possa ser um local adequado para a apropriação esclarecida e criativa dos Jogos Eletrônicos (JEs). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar o perfil do uso de TICs por alunos do ensino fundamental e verificar a relação entre os valores percebidos por esses alunos na prática de JEs com os valores desenvolvidos nas aulas de Educação Física. Um questionário validado por dois professores doutores de Educação Física e dois especialistas na área Informática foi aplicado a 348 alunos. Os resultados indicaram a inserção do uso TICs na cultura dos alunos, e os valores percebidos por esses alunos na prática dos JEs se coadunaram com os valores do esporte desenvolvidos na prática da Educação Física. Os resultados parecem sugerir uma possibilidade de desenvolver valores do esporte integrando a prática da Educação Física com JEs constituintes da cultura desses alunos.

In the present times of Information and Communication Technologies it is possible that the school might be a suitable place for the enlightened and creative appropriation of Electronic Games. The objective of this research was to identify the profile of the use of Information and Communication Technologies for elementary school students and the relation between the values perceived by these students in the practice of Electronic Games with the values developed in the Physical Education classes. A questionnaire validated by two physical education teachers with doctorate and two specialists in Informatics area was applied to 348 students. The results showed the insertion of Information and Communication Technologies use in the culture of the students, and the values perceived by these students in the practice of Electronic Games were related with the values of sport developed in the practice of Physical Education. The results seem to suggest a possibility of developing sport values integrating the practice of physical education with Electronic Games that are part of these students' culture.

En los tiempos actuales de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TICs) es posible que la escuela pueda ser un lugar adecuado para la apropiación esclarecida y creativa de Juegos Electrónicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar el perfil de la utilización de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación por los estudiantes de la escuela primaria y la relación entre los valores percibidos por estos estudiantes en la práctica de Juegos Electrónicos con los valores desarrollados en las clases de Educación Física.Un cuestionario validado por dos doctores profesores de Educación Física y dos especialistas en el área de Informática se aplicó a 348 estudiantes. Los resultados mostraron que la inserción del uso TICs en de las en la cultura de los alumnos, y los valores percibidos por estos alumnos en la práctica de Juegos Electrónicos se aproximaron con los valores del deporte desarrollada en la práctica de la Educación Física. Los resultados parecen sugerir la posibilidad de desarrollar los valores deportivos que integran la práctica de la Educación Física con la cultura de los Juegos Electrónicos de estos estudiantes.

Hiperentorno Educativo para el aprendizaje de la asignatura Morfología Humana en enfermeros técnicos / Hyperenvironment Educational learning course in nursing technical Human Morphology

Dado el nivel de complejidad de la asignatura actualmente los estudiantes presentan dificultades en Morfología Humana, motivado esto fundamentalmente por la dispersión de la información y el poco hábito de consultar literatura docente debido al nivel de complejidad de la asignatura por lo que se hace necesario facilitar a los estudiantes el acceso y transporte de toda la información organizada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue crear un Hiperentorno Educativo de Aprendizaje, con el uso del software de creación de Multimedia Mediator, permitiendo organizar y viabilizar el acceso a la información actualizada y de fácil transportación, para la formación de enfermeros técnicos del HCQ Hermanos Ameijeiras en el periodo 2013-2014. El Hiperentorno incluye el programa de la asignatura, el P1, conferencias en diferentes formatos (PowerPoint, jpeg y Word), guías de clases talleres, laminarias, repasos, ejercicios, bibliografía básica y complementaria. Puede trabajarse desde un servidor en ambiente de red o extraer la información hacia cualquier dispositivo de memoria externa. La utilización del mismo permite a los estudiantes alcanzar los objetivos, ejercitar y autoevaluarse de forma independiente y contar de forma más accesible con toda la información necesaria para el estudio. A los profesores, les posibilita planificar mejor la atención a las diferencias individuales de los alumnos. El Hiperentorno Educativo creado contribuirá al perfeccionamiento del Proceso Docente Educativo en las utilizando y/o aplicando las nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones(AU)

Given the level of complexity of the subject now students have difficulties in Human Morphology, motivated this mainly due to the dispersal of information and little habit of consulting teaching literature because of the level of complexity of the subject so it is necessary to provide student access and organized transportation of all information. The objective of this work was to create an educational hyperenvironment Learning with the use of multimedia creation software Mediator, allowing you to organize and secure access to updated and easy to transport, information for the training of technicians nurses HCQ Hermanos Ameijeiras in 2013-2014. The hyperenvironment includes the course syllabus, the P1, conferences in different formats (PowerPoint, Word and JPEG), guides workshops classes, kelp, rehearsals, exercises, basic bibliography and complementary. It can be worked from a server in a network environment or extract information to any external memory device. Using the same allows students to achieve the goals, and self-assessment exercise independently and count on a more accessible with all necessary information for the study. The teachers, enabling them to plan better attention to individual differences of students. Educational hyperenvironment created contribute to the improvement of the educational process in the use and / or using new Information Technology and Communications(AU)

Procesos de simbolización y nuevas tecnologías: una propuesta investigativa con niños y adolescentes socialmente vulnerables / Processes of symbolization and new technologies: a research proposal with children and adolescents socially vulnerable

Este artículo desarrolla los principales ejes del Proyecto de Desarrollo Tecnológico y Social (P002), "Procesos de simbolización y uso de nuevas tecnologías: estrategias de complejización del pensamiento en niños y adolescentes socialmente vulnerables" dirigido por la Dra. Patricia Álvarez. El mismo se encuentra en su segundo año de desarrollo y al iniciar se propuso abordar el uso de nuevas tecnologías con niños y adolescentes en situación de vulnerabilidad social con el objeto de favorecer el despliegue de experiencias subjetivas enriquecedoras, dinámicas y creativas capaces de potenciar los procesos de aprendizaje, entendiendo a los mismos como producción simbólica. Se explicitan en primer lugar los antecedentes sobre los que se asienta el proyecto y las referencias teóricas fundamentales sobre las que se erige la propuesta investigativa. En segundo lugar se postulan los objetivos propuestos y la metodología que se desarrolla. Finalmente se consideran las expectativas de resultados y el impacto favorable del proyecto.

This article develops the main axes of Project Technological and Social Development (P002), " Processes of symbolization and use of new technologies: strategies complexity of thought in children and adolescents, socially vulnerable " directed by Dr. Patricia Alvarez. The same is in its second year of development and start set out to address the use of new technologies in children and adolescents in situations of social vulnerability in order to facilitate the deployment of subjective experiences enriching, dynamic and creative processes capable of enhancing learning, understanding them as symbolic production. Background on the project and fundamental theoretical references on which stands the research proposal is based are explained first. Secondly the objectives and methodology to develop postulated. Finally we consider the expected results and the favorable impact of the project.

Implicaciones para el desarrollo de las personas a través de la formación del profesorado en entornos donde existen procesos universales de desarrollo, mediada por interacciones virtuales / Implications for the development of people through teacher training in settings in which there are universal developmental processes, mediated by virtual interaction

El presente texto, recoge las discusiones y reflexiones derivadas de variasinvestigaciones en las que se describe, analiza y evidencia la participación de los actores que conforman la actual sociedad de la información como constantes de la educación superior en México, los paliativos que de ella se emanan, la transmisión de información y los procesos de formación actuales, el desafío de construir signos y símbolos cuando las señales ya no son controladas por el dispositivo pedagógico tradicional lo que exige, en un contexto cambiante, que la educación superior no sea más un interior autosuficiente, posibilitando la producción de subjetividades por las clases disciplinares y de control, legitimadas por medio de viejas y nuevas tecnologías.

The present text, includes discussions and reflections derived from several studies in which the participation of the actors that make up the current information society as constants of higher education in Mexico are described, analyzed, and madeevident, as well as the palliatives emanating from it, transmission of information and the current training processes, the challenge of building signs and symbols when the signals are no longer controlled by the traditional pedagogical device, which requires, in a changing context, that higher education is no longer a selfsufficient interior, making the production of subjectivity possible by the disciplinary and control classes, legitimized by means of old and new technologies.

Computador-internet nas práticas de estudo contemporâneas: uma pesquisa com estudantes de psicologia / Internet-computer in contemporary study practices: a research with psychology students / Ordenador-internet en las prácticas de estudio contemporáneas: una investigación con estudiantes de psicología

O artigo objetiva investigar como está sendo realizado o estudo na contemporaneidade. Segue dois caminhos. Inicialmente opera uma inflexão no campo dos estudos sobre o estudo. Ao invés de conceber o estudo como entidade objetiva e naturalizada propõe, com a ajuda das abordagens construtivistas da cognição, como as de J. Piaget, L.Vigotski, F. Varela e H. Maturana e dos trabalhos de M. Foucault e R. Chartier, analisar o problema a partir da noção de práticas de estudo. O estudo passa a ser resultado das ações concretas dos estudantes, deixando de ser concebido como atividade mental supostamente invariante, voltada para aquisição de um saber. Em seguida, apresenta e discute uma pesquisa de campo, na qual foram entrevistados 15 estudantes de Psicologia do primeiro ao nono período de quatro instituições de ensino superior do município do Rio de Janeiro, sendo duas públicas e duas privadas. As entrevistas seguiram a técnica da entrevista de explicitação. A conclusão aponta para a importância do uso do computador-internet nas práticas de estudo contemporâneas e analisa alguns de seus efeitos, como a grande quantidade de informação, o estudo em circulação, a fragmentação e composição de partes e a coexistência do estudo com o texto digital e impresso...

This paper aims at investigating how study is being accomplished in contemporaneity. It follows two main paths: Initially, it operates an inflection in the study field of studies. Instead of conceiving study as an objective and naturalized entity, it proposes to analyze the issue from notions of practices of study, with the support of constructivist approaches of cognition such as those by J. Piaget, L.Vygotski, F. Varela and H. Maturana, as well as the work of M. Foucault and R. Chartier. The study becomes the result of concrete actions of students, instead of being conceived as an allegedly invariant mental activity aiming at knowledge acquisition. Secondly, it presents and discusses a field research in which fifteen psychology students were interviewed. The interviewees belong to four different institutions from the city of Rio de Janeiro, two public and two private, where they were between the 1st and 9th semesters. Interviews were carried out following the explanation technique. The conclusion points out the importance of the use of internet-computer in contemporary study practices, and analyzes some of its effects, such as the great amount of information, the study in circulation, the fragmentation and composition of parts, and the coexistence of study with the digital and printed texts...

El artículo tiene el objetivo de investigar cómo se realiza el estudio en el mundo contemporáneo. Toma dos caminos: De inicio realiza una inflexión en el campo de los estudios sobre el estudio. En vez de entender el estudio como una entidad objetiva y natural propone, con ayuda de abordajes constructivistas de la cognición como los de J. Piaget, L. Vygotski, F. Varela y H. Maturana, y de los trabajos de M. Foucault, R. Chartier, analizar el problema partiendo del concepto de prácticas de estudio. El estudio empieza a ser entendido como resultado de las acciones concretas de los estudiantes, dejando de ser comprendido como actividad mental supuestamente invariable, orientada para obtener un saber. Después presenta y discute una investigación de campo, en la que se entrevistaron a 15 estudiantes de psicología del 1º al 9º período de cuatro universidades de la capital de Río de Janeiro, siendo dos públicas y dos privadas. Las entrevistas siguieron la técnica de entrevista de explicitación. La conclusión indica la importancia del uso del ordenador-internet en prácticas de estudio contemporáneas y analiza algunos de sus efectos: la gran cantidad de informaciones, el estudio en circulación, la fragmentación y composición de partes y la coexistencia del estudio con el texto digital e impreso...

Research progress on evaluation methods of mouthfeel of oral drug delivery system / 中草药

Mouthfeel is an important part of preparation prescription study in oral drug delivery system. The results of traditional sensory evaluation are limited to individual differences of subjects, and own poor reproducibility. In this paper, some new technologies and evaluation methods were reviewed and commented, mainly including taste, adhesion, mucosal irritation, and grittiness, so as to provide methodology references for ODDS in traditional Chinese medicines and promote its progress.